by Environmental Articles on February 27, 2010
Since last decade, global warming and climate change has become an issue of great concern at the the international platform. The policy makers from all over the world have decided to unite and chalk out a plan to keep the adverse effects of global warming within safety limits. Recently a climate conference is being held up in Copenhagen from 6th to 18th December 2009 where the governments of different nations meet for the last time before the Kyoto Protocol to prevent climate changes and global warming runs out at 2012.
Now,as the world is getting technologically and industrially advanced resulting in setting up of huge factories and projects the environmental pollution is heading towards alarming levels at an exponential rate. It's obvious that more factories means more pollution and more carbon emissions which highly aggravate global warming. But the bitter truth behind the entire framework is that we, the common mass, are aware to a great extent regarding this alarming situation yet we do so little for the cause. Actually the fact is that we feel hardly concerned about the effect the global warming is having on our locality and at a large scale, on the world.
Standing today towards the end of the year 2009,the entire world is looking forward towards a successful and mutual agreement at the Copenhagen climate conference. Subsequently several key issues have come up which needs to be resolved first by the governments of the world before we can come to a successful conclusion. The United States have agreed to reduce carbon emissions by 17% by 2020 over 2005. Now they demand India to reduce its emissions by 20-25% within 2020.
India is a developing country which is growing presently at a rate of 8%. But US is technologically a far developed nation than India and obviously they should be taking the upper hand in reducing the global warming across the world. Thus US should make more sacrifices than what is expected out of India. They should agree to reduce carbon emission by more than 17%. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh recently stated that India has the potent to reduce carbon emission not only by 20-25% but to a level of 37% without sacrificing over the present growth rate but it is only ready to make the commitments provided the US agrees to do the one expected on their part.
Recently a group of UK scientists have warned that if the global warming is allowed to increase at the present rate,the temperature of the world can increase by 4 degree centigrade within 2060 which is earlier than expected. A simple rule that needs to be followed is that the biggest gainers should make the biggest sacrifices. Otherwise the issue of global warming will result in a barrier to the underdeveloped countries towards their development. This is also not desirable under any circumstance.
Thus keeping focus on the entire situation, we must join hands to fight global warming and make the world a better place to breadth and live on.
Anubhav Raychaudhuri
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Anubhav_Raychaudhuri
http://EzineArticles.com/?Global-Warming-and-the-Copenhagen-Summit-2009—Issues-Concerning-the-Entire-World&id=3379055
by Environmental Articles on February 24, 2010
The lifeblood of industry is oil. And it is most accurately represented by the high demand for that commodity which may become increasingly scarce in the future: petrol.
For the common layman, it may be surprising to note that not all petrol are refined/blended the same way as expected. Nor is it the same composition for countries with four seasons.
Gasoline is a petroleum-derived mixture made of hydrocarbons and enhanced with iso-octane or toluene and benzene to raise the octane rating. Yes, I know this may as well sound like Greek to you so I will go by them one by one. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made of hydrogen and carbon.
Composition Processed in refineries, gasoline is a distillation of crude. On its first pass, this grade of gasoline still has impurities and would not be suitable for internal combustion engines. The hydrocarbons found in gasoline is considered hazardous including: Toluene, Benzene, Naphthalene, Trimethylbenzene, Etc.
Currently the preferred composition of gasoline in developed countries have paraffins in substitution of benzene.
Overall, the composition of gasoline ratios depend on the following factors: – The refinery it was processed – The quality of crude used – The octane rating of the gasoline
Volatility Volatility is the attribute of gasoline to evaporate. The desired volatility of gasoline depends on the climate. In hotter climates, lower volatility is preferred to prevent it from igniting easily and also to prevent it from vapor lock, which means that the gasoline will turn to gas in the gas line.
In colder climates, higher volatility is recommended to enhance a vehicle's startup process.
Octane Rating An octane rating is the measure of the fuel to RESIST autoignition and detonation.
Octane numbers are rated by their anti-knocking properties compared to a control substance of iso-octane (combustible) and n-heptane (non-combustible). So an 87-octane petrol would mean its 87% iso-octane and 13% n-heptane. A 95-octane is 95% iso-octane and 5% n-heptane, and so on.
Hazards Gasoline is considered a hazardous substance and must be handled carefully. Even with all the substitutions it is still a major pollutant producer. Gasoline usage creates carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburnt evaporated gasoline reacts with sunlight to create smog.
Saving Gas
To save gas, please refer to the Article “How to Save Gas with Internal Combustion Engines” on http://www.squidoo.com/savepetrolfast
Erwin Chua MCP, MCDST is a HUMAN BEING posing as a WEB MARKETER. In his youth, he's read the entire World Book Encyclopedia and World Book Dictionaries from A-Z out of a passion to know things and share his knowledge with others. Things that fascinate him most include: the HUMAN CONDITION and its PASSION TO IMPROVE, TECHNOLOGY that make things easy, SYSTEMS that make things easy, and HELPING OTHERS escape the RAT RACE through online marketing. He has a still-pending MA in Philosophy from DLSU-Manila after he decided to leave the academe in pursuit of a career in web marketing. He is based in Penang, Malaysia spending his online and offline activities pursuing his passion in equipping others with tools and mindset to be spiritually and financially free.
For more detailed information about fuel efficiency, enhancing engine performance, and products visit: How To Get The Best MPG Cars With Save Petrol Fast!
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Erwin_Chua
http://EzineArticles.com/?Best-MPG—Crude-Oil-to-Petrol-and-Saving-Gas&id=1255005
